NCP - Nursing Care Plan for Typhoid Fever
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection characterized by diarrhea, systemic disease, and a rash -- most commonly caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S. typhi).
Causes
The bacteria that causes typhoid fever -- S. typhi -- spreads through contaminated food, drink, or water. If you eat or drink something that is contaminated, the bacteria enters your body, and goes into your intestines, and then into your bloodstream, where it can travel to your lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver, spleen, and other parts of the body.
A few people can become carriers of S. typhi and continue to release the bacteria in their stools for years, spreading the disease.
Typhoid fever is common in developing countries, but fewer than 400 cases are reported in the U.S. each year. Most cases in the U.S. are brought in from overseas.
Symptoms
Early symptoms include fever, general ill-feeling, and abdominal pain. A high (over 103 degrees) fever and severe diarrhea occur as the disease gets worse.
Some people with typhoid fever develop a rash called "rose spots," which are small red spots on the belly and chest.
Other symptoms that occur include:
* Abdominal tenderness
* Agitation
* Bloody stools
* Chills
* Confusion
* Difficulty paying attention (attention deficit)
* Delirium
* Fluctuating mood
* Hallucinations
* Nosebleeds
* Severe fatigue
* Slow, sluggish, lethargic feeling
* Weakness
nlm.nih.gov
Assessment
- Health History Now
Why patients enter the hospital and what the major complaints of patients, so it can be enforced priority nursing issues that may arise. - Previous Health History
Does the patient had been ill and treated with the same disease. - Family Health History
Does anyone in the family of patients, the sick like a patient. - Psychosocial History
Intrapersonal: the feeling felt client (anxious / sad)
Interpersonal: relationship with other people. - Patterns of health function
- The pattern of nutrition and metabolism.
Usually the client is reduced appetite due to a disruption in the small intestine. - Rest and sleep patterns
During the pain patients feel unable to rest because the patient felt pain in her stomach, nausea, vomiting, sometimes diarrhea.
- The pattern of nutrition and metabolism.
- Physical examination
- Awareness and patient's general condition
Patient awareness of the need to study the unconscious - not conscious (composmentis - coma) to assess the severity of the patient's disease prognosis. - Vital Signs and physical examination Head to foot
Blood pressure, pulse, respiration, temperature which is a measure of the general condition of patient / patient's condition and includes examination from head to toe by using the principles of inspection, auscultation, palpation, percussion), in addition to body weight were also aware of any decline weight because of the increased nutritional deficiencies that occur, so it can be calculated nutritional needs required.
- Awareness and patient's general condition
Nursing Diagnosis
The increase in body temperature associated with the infection process of salmonella thypii
Intervention
Objectives : Normal body temperature
Intervention :
- Observation of the client's body temperature Rational: to know the changes in body temperature.
- Encourage the family to put on clothing that can absorb sweat like cotton
Rational: to maintain body hygiene - Collaboration with physicians in the provision of anti piretik
Rational: to reduce the heat to the drug