NCP - Nursing Care Plan for Vertigo
Vertigo
Vertigo is the feeling that you or your environment is moving or spinning. It differs from dizziness in that vertigo describes an illusion of movement. When you feel as if you yourself are moving, it's called subjective vertigo, and the perception that your surroundings are moving is called objective vertigo.
Unlike nonspecific lightheadedness or dizziness, vertigo has relatively few causes.
Causes
Vertigo can be caused by problems in the brain or the inner ear.
* Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common form of vertigo and is characterized by the sensation of motion initiated by sudden head movements or moving the head in a certain direction. This type of vertigo is rarely serious and can be treated.
* Vertigo may also be caused by inflammation within the inner ear (labyrinthitis or vestibular neuritis), which is characterized by the sudden onset of vertigo and may be associated with hearing loss. The most common cause of labyrinthitis is a viral or bacterial inner ear infection.
* Meniere's disease is composed of a triad of symptoms including: episodes of vertigo, ringing in the ears (tinnitis), and hearing loss. People with this condition have the abrupt onset of severe vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, as well as periods in which they are symptom-free.
* Acoustic neuroma is a type of tumor of the nerve tissue that can cause vertigo. Symptoms include vertigo with one-sided ringing in the ear and hearing loss.
* Vertigo can be caused by decreased blood flow to the base of the brain. Bleeding into the back of the brain (cerebellar hemorrhage) is characterized by vertigo, headache, difficulty walking, and inability to look toward the side of the bleed. The result is that the person's eyes gaze away from the side with the problem. Walking is also extremely impaired.
* Vertigo is often the presenting symptom in multiple sclerosis. The onset is usually abrupt, and examination of the eyes may reveal the inability of the eyes to move past the midline toward the nose.
* Head trauma and neck injury may also result in vertigo, which usually goes away on its own.
* Migraine, a severe form of headache, may also cause vertigo. The vertigo is usually followed by a headache. There is often a prior history of similar episodes but no lasting problems.
* Complications from diabetes can cause arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) which can lead to lowered blood flow to the brain, causing vertigo symptoms.
emedicinehealth
Assessment
- Summary / Rest
- Tired, weakness, malaise
- Limitation of movement
- Stress the eyes, difficulty in reading
- Insomnia, awake in the morning with sore heads.
- Pain Management at the great changes in body postures, activities (work) or because the weather changes.
- Circulation
- Historical hypertension
- Flutter vaskuler, eg the Temporal.
- Pale, reddish face appears.
- Ego Integrity
- Factors emotional stress / environment
- Concerns, ansietas, sensitive stimulus for headache
- Mechanism refresif / dekensif (headache chronicles).
- Food and liquids
- Food vasorektiknya such as the high caffeine, chocolate, onion, cheese, alcohol, wine, meat, tomatoes, fatty food, citrus, sauce, hotdog, MSG (in migraine).
- Nausea / vomiting, anoreksia (for pain)
- A decrease in body weight
- Neurosensoris
- Dizziness, disorientation (during headache)
- Historical convulsions, head of the new injury occurred, trauma, stroke.
- Aura; fasialis, olfaktorius, tinitus.
- Changes in the visual, sensitive to light / sound that hard, epitaksis.
- Parastesia, progressive weakness / paralysis one side tempore
- Changes in the pattern of speech / thought patterns
- Easy to inflame, is sensitive to stimulus.
- The decline in the tendon reflex
- Papiledema.
- Pain / comfort
- Characteristics of pain depends on the type of headache, ie migraine, muscle tension, cluster, brain tumor, pascatrauma, sinusitis.
- Pain, redness, pale face in the region.
- Focus on narrow
- Focus on self
- Response emotional / behavior is not effective, such as crying, anxiety.
- Musculature also strain the neck, vocal frigiditas.
- Security
- Historical allergic reaction or allergy
- Fever (headache)
- Disturbance walk, parastesia, paralisis
- Residents purulent nasal (headache sinus on interference).
- Social interaction
- Changes in the responsibility / role of social interaction associated with the disease.
- Counseling / learning
- Historical hypertensi, migraine, stroke, disease in the family
- Use of alcohol / other drugs, including caffeine. Oral contraceptives / hormone, menopause.
Nursing Diagnosis
Pain (acute / chronic) associated with stress and tension, irritation / nerve pressure, vasospressor, with a marked increase in intrakranial states that pain is influenced by factors eg changes in position, changes in sleep patterns, anxiety.
Intervension
Results Criteria:
- Client revealed reduced pain
- Vital signs normal
- The patient appears quiet and rileks.
Intervention:
- Monitor vital signs, the intensity / pain scale.
- Suggest the client resting place to sleep.
- Set the position of the patient may senyaman.
- Teach relaxation techniques and breath in.
- Collaboration for the analgetik.