18 Diagnostic Tests for Hypertension

Hypertension can be defined as persistent blood pressure where the systolic pressure above 140 mmHg , and diastolic above 90 mmHg . In the elderly population , hypertension was defined as systolic pressure of 160 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg . ( Smeltzer , 2001) .

Diagnostic tests performed in two ways:

1. Examination as soon as :
  1. Routine blood (hematocrit / hemoglobin) : to assess the relationship of the cells to the volume of fluid (viscosity) and may indicate risk factors such as : hyporcoagulability, anemia.
  2. Blood urea nitrogen / creatinine : provide information about perfusion / renal function.
  3. Glucose : Hyperglycemia (Diabetes Mellitus is the originator of hypertension) can be caused by spending levels of catecholamines (increase hypertension).
  4. Serum Potassium : Hypokalemia may indicate a presence of primary aldosterone (cause) or be a side effect diuretic therapy.
  5. Serum calcium : Increased serum calcium levels can lead to hypertension.
  6. Cholesterol and triglyceride serum : Increased levels may indicate the originator's / the formation of atheromatous plaque (cardiovascular effects)
  7. Examination Thyroid : Hyperthyroidism can cause vasoconstriction and hypertension.
  8. Urinary aldosterone levels / serum : to assess primary aldosteronism (cause).
  9. Urinalisa : blood, protein, glucose, indicating renal dysfunction and the presence of DM.
  10. Gout : Hyperuricemia has been a risk factor for hypertension implications.
  11. Urinary Steroids : The rise may indicate hyperadrenalism.
  12. ECG : 12 Lead, look for signs of ischemia, to see the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy or coronary disorders by showing patterns of strain, in which the area, the P wave elevation is one of the early signs of hypertensive heart disease.
  13. Chest x-ray : is there a pulmonary edema (can wait after treatment carried out) to show the destruction of calcification in the valve area, an enlarged heart.
2. Further examination (depending on the clinical situation and the results of the first examination) :
  1. IVP : Can identify the causes of hypertension such as renal parenchymal disease, kidney stones / ureter.
  2. CT Scan : Assessing cerebral tumor, encephalopathy.
  3. IUP : identify the causes of hypertension such as kidney stones, kidney repair.
  4. Rule out the possibility of neurological surgery : Spinal tab, CAT scan.
  5. Ultrasound : to see gunjal structure implemented in accordance clinical condition of the patient.